Thận trọngNốt hương giữa[Primary: Floral-Rosy-Honeyed] [Secondary: Warm-Spicy / Subtle Green]

⚠️Tinh dầu này cần thận trọng khi sử dụng. Đọc kỹ hướng dẫn an toàn.

⚠️Known allergy to citronellol, geraniol, or rose oxide

⚠️Avoid undiluted topical — ESPECIALLY important for Bourbon (highest citronellol)

Tổng Quan

Danh pháp khoa học: Pelargonium x asperum Ehrh. ex Willd.
Họ thực vật: Geraniaceae
Bộ phận dùng: Fresh aerial parts (leaves + stems + immature flower buds) — harvested just before/during flowering
Phương pháp chiết xuất: Steam distillation; traditional copper pot stills (alembics) — CRITICAL: Réunion artisan distillers
Màu sắc: Pale yellow to golden amber; deeper amber than Chinese/Moroccan grades; lighter than some darker batches of Egyptian; mobile oil; Réunion artisan batches sometimes exhibit slightly deeper golden hue; no green tinge (unlike fresh-distilled Moroccan/Chinese)
Phân loại nốt hương: Nốt Middle
Hương thơm: Middle note (strong Middle-Top character with excellent projection); the most "rosy," "sweet," "honeyed-floral" of all four geranium grades; opening: sweet-rosy, honeyed, rose-with-citrus; heart: rich rose-floral, warm, slightly green; dry-down: earthy-resinous, warm, lasting; distinctly "warmer," "richer," "more honeyed" than Egyptian (which is crisper/sharper); "more complex and fuller" than Chinese (greener/mintier) or Moroccan (cleaner/estery); unmistakably the "luxury" aroma that established geranium in Grasse fine fragrance tradition
Chemotype / Cultivar: Bourbon chemotype — THE benchmark premium grade; the chemical fingerprint that ALL other grades are compared against; defining markers: Citronellol 32–45% (HIGHEST of all grades); Rose oxide (cis + trans total) 1.3–3.5% (= Egyptian, both highest); 10-epi-γ-Eudesmol 1–3% (lowest of four grades); Geraniol 5–12% (LOWEST of four grades); Isomenthone 4–7%; Citronellyl formate 4–9%; β-Bourbonene (namesake compound) 1.5–3.5% (HIGHEST of all grades — trace or absent in Chinese/Egyptian)

Các quốc gia sản xuất chính

Madagascar ★★★★★ (Antsirabe highlands — modern primary "Bourbon" source; ~15–25 MT/yr authentic Bourbon chemotype); Réunion Island (France) ★★★★☆ (original origin; artisan small-batch; 1–3 MT/yr; highest price tier); China ★★★★★ (non-Bourbon; volumes); Egypt ★★★★☆ (~40 MT/yr); Morocco ★★★★☆ (~15–25 MT/yr); India ★★★☆☆ (some Bourbon-adjacent); South Africa ★★☆☆☆ (original homeland; small quantities)

Tình trạng tại Việt Nam

⭐★★★☆ — imported; RAREST và ĐẮT NHẤT trong bốn geranium entries tại VN; authentic Réunion Bourbon: cực hiếm, 500,000–1,200,000+ VND/10ml; Madagascar Bourbon: 300,000–800,000 VND/10–30ml từ specialist importers; significant fraud — many "Bourbon" labels are Egyptian or Chinese; GC/MS: citronellol ≥37% + rose oxide ≥1.3% + β-bourbonene ≥1.5% = three-marker authentication

Phân loại nốt

Hương giữa

Độ bền trên da

5–10 hours; 18–24 hours on fabric; BEST longevity of all four grades — rose oxide + β-bourbonene + caryophyllene oxide combination provides superior fixation

Họ hương

[Primary: Floral-Rosy-Honeyed] [Secondary: Warm-Spicy / Subtle Green]

Mô tả hương

Hoa hồng ấm mật ngọt – trong suốt vải lụa rose – xanh hoa cỏ nhẹ – ấm đất gia vị – phức hợp sang trọng; phong cách "vintage luxury" và "warmth" khác biệt hoàn toàn so với ba grade còn lại; đây là hương "rose geranium cổ điển" trong ký ức của giới fine fragrance Grasse

Da khô

5/5

Xuất sắc — Bourbon's citronellol skin-conditioning + 2-phenylethyl tiglate emollient + caryophyllene oxide anti-inflammatory = outstanding dry skin benefit; 1–1.5% trong rosehip + marula; honey-rosy scent enhances luxury dry skin product positioning

Da dầu/mụn

4/5

Tốt — citronellol (32–45% — HIGHEST) = strongest astringent; antimicrobial; BUT: highest citronellol = MOST SENSITISING at same % → lower dilution (0.5–1%) for acne protocols; patch test always; excellent but requires careful dosing vs Chinese/Moroccan

Viêm da cơ địa

3/5

CAUTION — REDUCED RATING vs other grades — highest citronellol = highest sensitisation risk in atopic skin; 0.3–0.5% MAX in eczema; Moroccan or Egyptian preferred for eczema applications; TRÁNH active flare absolutely

Da lão hóa

5/5

BEST GRADE for anti-aging — highest citronellol antioxidant + collagenase inhibition (PMC8452390); 2-phenylethyl tiglate emollient; caryophyllene oxide anti-inflammatory; 1–1.5% trong rosehip + marula or evening primrose; MOST luxurious anti-aging serum base

Da nhạy cảm

3/5

MOST CAUTION OF ALL GRADES — highest citronellol (32–45%) = highest EU 26 allergen load; 24h patch test mandatory; start ≤0.5%; rose oxide (1.3–3.5%) also contributes to potential sensitisation; NOT recommended as first-choice for documented citronellol sensitivity

Da hỗn hợp

4/5

Tốt — balancing but slightly LESS IDEAL than Chinese/Moroccan for combination skin due to highest citronellol; 1% trong jojoba; monitor T-zone carefully

Nhập khẩu

Tên gọi tại Việt Nam

Tinh dầu phong lữ thảo Bourbon — kỹ thuật/phân biệt grade

Trong Y học cổ truyền VN

KHÔNG có lịch sử YHCT truyền thống VN - Trong cộng đồng aromatherapy chuyên nghiệp VN: Bourbon là grade được "tôn vinh" nhất của geranium; 5-star spa cao cấp HN (Sofitel, Lotte, Pan Pacific) và HCM (Park Hyatt, Caravelle) thường chỉ định "Bourbon grade" trong premium treatment menu; một số natural perfumers VN chuyên dụng Bourbon cho rose accord và fine fragrance product lines - Tuy nhiên trong thị trường đại chúng VN: nhiều sản phẩm label "Rose Geranium Bourbon" thực chất là Chinese grade — cần

Mua hàng tại VN

Réunion artisan Bourbon: Cực hiếm tại VN; 500,000–1,200,000+ VND/10ml; chủ yếu qua direct import hoặc Pháp-based suppliers; ít nhà phân phối VN có stock - Madagascar Bourbon authentic (GC/MS verified): 300,000–800,000 VND/10–30ml; tìm được qua: Tisserand Aromatherapy distributors VN; some specialist organic EO importers; các nhà phân phối EU organic brands - CẢNH BÁO LỚN NHẤT TRONG DATABASE: Bourbon là grade bị giả mạo / mislabel NHIỀU NHẤT và NGUY HIỂM NHẤT vì: 1. Giá cao nhất → lợi nhuận gian

An Toàn

Giới hạn bôi da

Theo hồ sơ nghiên cứu

Hồ sơ an toàn ghi 5% — trang này lấy số chặt hơn.

Thai kỳ & Cho con bú

Tam cá nguyệt 1Thận trọng

Tam cá nguyệt 2Thận trọng

Tam cá nguyệt 3Thận trọng

x Known allergy to citronellol, geraniol, or rose oxide
x Avoid undiluted topical — ESPECIALLY important for Bourbon (highest citronellol)
x Hormone-sensitive cancers: theoretical phytoestrogen concern; oncologist consultation
x Eczema / severely atopic skin: use Egyptian or Moroccan instead
x T1 abdominal massage, >1% topical

Genuine Bourbon GC/MS — THREE PRIMARY AUTHENTICATION MARKERS: - Citronellol ≥32% (ISO 4731 target ≥37%) ✓ — PRIMARY MARKER - β-Bourbonene ≥1.5% ✓ — DEFINITIVE BOURBON AUTHENTICATOR; absent/trace = non-Bourbon - Rose oxide (cis + trans total) ≥1.3% ✓ — HIGH-QUALITY Bourbon; <1.0% = suspect - Supporting markers: Citronellol:Geraniol ratio ≥3:1; 2-Phenylethyl tiglate ≥1%; Isomenthone 4–7% (if >10% = Chinese mislabelled) Adulteration risks — HIGHEST of all grades (premium price = highest fraud incen

Bảo quản

Thủy tinh hổ phách màu tối; <20°C (refrigerate tại VN — many specialist oils); tránh UV + nhiệt; shelf life 3 năm kín (Bourbon's lower eudesmol/ester balance provides reasonable stability); 18–24 tháng đã mở; rose oxide labile under heat/UV — refrigeration extends potency of Bourbon's signature rose

Xem hồ sơ an toàn chi tiết

Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp

Anti-aging / Collagen preservation

GEO vesicular cream: in vitro collagenase + elastase enzyme inhibition confirmed (PMC8452390, 2021); DPPH antioxidant capacity significantly higher than control; CLSM confirmed deep skin penetration; citronellol (32–45%) + rose oxide antioxidant synergy; rjptonline.org 2024 anti-aging review confirms geranium (citronellol + geraniol dominant) anti-inflammatory + antioxidant = anti-aging mechanism; Bourbon grade's highest citronellol (32–45%) = theoretically strongest anti-aging benefit of all grades.

Ref: PMC8452390 (2021); rjptonline.org 2024

Anxiolytic / Stress-reduction

Class RCT evidence (all geranium grades): PMC10818376 2023 (LSS inhalation; pain/anxiety/stress ↓ P<0.001); PMC4484988 2015 (labour anxiety ↓ P=0.001); linalool + citronellol olfactory-limbic; rose oxide (1.3–3.5% — = Egyptian, both highest) may contribute additional hedonic/emotional dimension via olfactory pathway.

Ref: PMC10818376; PMC4484988

PMS / Menstrual support

Grade A RCT class evidence (PMC6238350 2018); Bourbon grade highest citronellol 32–45% → strongest phytoestrogen-adjacent + astringent action; geraniol (5–12%) antispasmodic; 2-phenylethyl tiglate honey-rose note may increase compliance in therapeutic protocols.

Ref: PMC6238350 / PMID 30533209

Antimicrobial / Antifungal

Citronellol (32–45% — HIGHEST) dominant antimicrobial; geraniol antifungal + antibacterial; PMC9459842 2022 confirms PGEO dermaprotective + antibacterial; PMC10489623 2023 antifungal vs Candida + dermatophytes.

Ref: PMC9459842; PMC10489623

Chống trầm cảm

Geraniol (5–12%) NF-κB + NLRP3 inhibition (PMID 26454213); β-bourbonene earthy-grounding dimension adds additional limbic-calming quality; rose oxide hedonic value = emotional lift.

Ref: PMID 26454213; PMID 29468757

Anti-inflammatory / Analgesic

Citronellol + geraniol + linalool anti-inflammatory; Nature Sci Rep 2025 PGEO-NE analgesic; for PURE anti-inflammatory purposes, Egyptian (#026 — higher eudesmol) and Moroccan (#027) may offer slightly superior benefit; but Bourbon's citronellol volume compensates.

Ref: PMC12548295 (2025)

Skin brightening / Hyperpigmentation

Geraniol melanogenesis inhibition; citronellol antioxidant; 2-phenylethyl tiglate skin conditioning; rjptonline.org 2024 confirms geranium anti-aging + hyperpigmentation.

Ref: rjptonline.org 2024

Tick / Acaricide repellent

PMC12849189 2025 — geranium EO acaricidal properties vs tick species; citronellol dominant repellent constituent.

Ref: PMC12849189 (2025)

PMC8452390 (2021)

GEO + calendula vesicular cream: collagenase + elastase inhibition in vitro; DPPH antioxidant; CLSM deep skin penetration; anti-aging confirmation

In vitro + ex vivo — Moderate-High

PMC6238350 / PMID 30533209 (2018 RCT)

Geranium aromatherapy massage PMS n=120; 2% sweet almond; physical + psychological ↓ P<0.001

Grade A RCT — High

PMC10818376 (2023 RCT)

GEO inhalation LSS: pain/anxiety/stress ↓ P<0.001; depression ↓ P=0.006

Grade B RCT — High

PMC4484988 (2015 RCT)

GEO inhalation first-stage labour anxiety ↓ P=0.001; diastolic BP ↓

Grade B RCT — Moderate

PMC9459842 (2022)

PGEO chemical profiling + antioxidant, antidiabetic, dermaprotective, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial — multi-assay confirmation

In vitro — Moderate

PMC10489623 (2023)

PGEO antifungal vs Candida + dermatophytes; MIC determined

In vitro — Moderate

jintegrativederm.org (2025)

LGEO reduces inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, hydrocarbon-induced DNA damage in human cell lines; high antioxidant activity

In vitro human cell lines — Moderate

rjptonline.org 2024

Geranium EO anti-aging review: geraniol + citronellol anti-inflammatory + antioxidant = anti-aging; hyperpigmentation reduction mechanism

Narrative review — Moderate

PMC12849189 (2025)

GEO acaricidal properties vs ticks; citronellol dominant repellent

In vitro/ex vivo — Moderate

PMID 26454213 (2015)

Geraniol antidepressant NF-κB + NLRP3

Preclinical — Moderate

Tâm trạng: Balancing + Deeply Uplifting + Nurturing/Comforting + Luxuriously Sensual — Bourbon is the most emotionally "rich" and "warming" of all four grades; while Chinese is "refreshing-balancing," Egyptian is "crisp-harmonising," Moroccan is "clarifying-purifying," Bourbon is uniquely "nurturing-luxurious-heart-opening"; the honeyed-rosy warmth creates a sense of being "held" emotionally; higher rose oxide concentration may enhance hedonic-emotional pleasure response via olfactory limbic pathway

Luxurious nurturingdeep emotional warmthheart-opening sensualityself-love and worthreleasing grief/loss with warmthfeminine power and elegancecomfort in vulnerability

Chakra

Heart ★★★★★ (Anahata

Ngũ hành

Hỏa (Fire)

Phương pháp	Liều lượng	Ghi chú
Diffusion (khuếch tán)	2–4 drops / 100ml	Bourbon is STRONGER in projection — reduce vs other grades; blend with sandalwood + bergamot for "luxury spa"; 30–45 min maximum due to intensity
Topical massage (massage)	2% dilution	≈ 12 drops per 30ml sweet almond or jojoba; RCT-validated PMS protocol (PMC6238350); Bourbon highest aromatic impact at same dilution
Bath (tắm)	4–6 drops trong 1 tbsp milk carrier	REDUCE 1–2 drops vs other grades — Bourbon's higher citronellol = slightly more skin irritant at same doses; warm bath "luxury rose" experience
Inhalation (hít)	1–2 drops tissue / inhaler	1 drop often sufficient — Bourbon's projection + longevity; 10–15 min; grief support + deep anxiety
Skincare	0.5–1.5% in face product	Lower max % than other grades due to high citronellol (32–45%) EU 26 allergen load; target 0.5–1% for sensitive face products; 1–1.5% in body products; ALWAYS perform patch test
Fine fragrance	1–5% in alcohol	Natural perfumery EDP/EDT; replace synthetic rose or extend rose absolute; Bourbon at 2–5% = excellent middle heart note
Luxury spa protocol	1.5% sweet almond + 0.5% rose absolute (30ml)	"Rose extender" protocol: 18 drops Bourbon + 2–3 drops rose absolute = near-luxury rose accord at fraction of cost

Dầu nền phù hợp

JojobaPrimary recommendation: non-comedogenic; all skin types; wax ester chemistry compatible with high-citronellol Bourbon; extends longevity; best for high-citronellol sensitive-skin applications

Sweet AlmondRCT-validated carrier (PMC6238350 PMS RCT); classic; emollient; widely available

Kết hợp tốt với

HoaRose-ChypreFloral-AldehydicOriental-FloralFougèreGourmand-FloralWoodResin — Bourbon is uniquely versatile in classical AND modern perfumery structures; its richness bridges vintage and contemporary

Blend kinh điển

Bergamot FCF + Geranium Bourbon + Vetiver— classic rose-citrus-earthy; Chypre foundation; warm-elegant; enduring fine fragrance structure

Jasmine Absolute + Geranium Bourbon— iconic "rosy-jasmine" floral heart; grand floral structure; the most expensive pairing in this database; haute perfumery

Clary Sage + Geranium Bourbon— PMS hormonal support; Bourbon's richest rose + clary sage = most luxurious therapeutic blend; NON-PREGNANT

Công thức gợi ý

Clary Sage + Geranium Bourbon2:1, 2% carrier

richest PMS support protocol; NON-PREGNANT [web:162]

[Primary safety] Tisserand R & Young R. Essential Oil Safety, 2nd ed. Churchill Livingstone, 2014. Geranium oil pp. 280–283; Citronellol (allergen) p. 175; Geraniol p. 199

[ISO specification] ISO 4731:2012 — Geranium oil, Bourbon type (Pelargonium x asperum Ehrenb. ex Willd.); citronellol ≥37%, geraniol + nerol ≥6%, rose oxide ≥0.1%

[GC/MS authentication] acgpubs.org 2018 — Stereochemical comparison geranium oils (China, Réunion/Bourbon, Morocco, Egypt, Australia): rose oxide stereoisomers; β-bourbonene authenticity

[GC/MS fingerprinting] dergipark.org.tr 2022 — Chemical fingerprinting PGEO GC-MS 37 compounds; rose oxide B 3.86%, citronellol 30.68%, geraniol 9.68%, citronellyl formate 9.90%; linalool 4.23%

[GC/MS review 2025] Pharmacia 2025 (pharmacia.pensoft.net) — Recent studies PGEO: citronellol 29.90%, trans-geraniol 18.03%, 10-epi-γ-eudesmol 8.27%, isomenthone 5.44%, linalool 5.13%

[GC/MS Madagascar Bourbon] robustmadagascar.com (2026) — Madagascar Bourbon chemotype: high citronellol + rose oxide + β-bourbonene; Antsirabe terroir; ISO 4731 compliance

[GC/MS comprehensive] PMC7122831 (2019) — Phytochemical composition + biological effects PGEO comprehensive review

[GC/MS multi-stage] PMC9459842 (2022) — PGEO chemical profiling antioxidant, antidiabetic, dermaprotective, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial

[Anti-aging evidence] PMC8452390 (2021) — GEO/CEO vesicular cream: collagenase + elastase inhibition in vitro; DPPH antioxidant; CLSM deep penetration

[Anti-aging review] rjptonline.org 2024 — Natural EOs for anti-aging review: geranium (citronellol + geraniol) anti-inflammatory + antioxidant + hyperpigmentation

[Dermatology review] jintegrativederm.org (2025) — EOs in dermatology: LGEO cytokine inhibition + antioxidant in human cell lines

[PMS RCT] PMC6238350 / PMID 30533209 (2018) — Grade A RCT PMS massage 2% sweet almond n=120 P<0.001

[Anxiety RCT] PMC10818376 (2023); PMC4484988 (2015)

[Antifungal] PMC10489623 (2023)

[Antidepressant] PMID 26454213 (2015); PMID 29468757 (2018)

[Acaricidal] PMC12849189 (2025)

[Smooth muscle] PMC12548295 (2025)

[History Réunion] en.reunion.fr — "Bourbon Geranium"; Grasse perfumers + Réunion history; introduced ~1870–1880

[History Grasse] lesourceur.com (2024) — Geranium Bourbon history; Grasse cultivation; rose substitute origin

[Perfumery use] pairfum.com (2025) — Geranium Bourbon perfumery: sweet-rosy-soft; woody-citrusy pairings

[History Madagascar] robustmadagascar.com (2026) — Réunion → Madagascar transition; Antsirabe highlands; modern Bourbon gold standard

[Data reliability] HIGH — GC/MS HIGH (ISO standard + multiple peer-reviewed + COA sources + historical authentication studies); Safety HIGH (Tisserand + IFRA); Clinical HIGH (Grade A RCT PMS; multiple Grade B RCT); Perfumery HIGH (Grasse historical record + contemporary fine fragrance industry documentation); VN context MODERATE (market/pricing 2024–2026 data)

Kỹ Thuật

Cấu tử	Nhóm hóa	%	Tác dụng
Geraniol	Acyclic monoterpenol	5–12%	Antidepressant; antifungal; analgesic; EU 26 allergen; LOWEST of four grades (citronellol-dominant profile)
Citronellyl formate	Ester	4–9%	Rose-ester modifier; antispasmodic; soothing
Isomenthone	Cyclic monoterpene ketone	4–7%	Minty-herbal character; antimicrobial; lower than all other grades
Geranyl formate	Ester	2–5%	Floral-rosy modifier; antispasmodic
Linalool	Acyclic monoterpenol	2–5%	Anxiolytic; sedative; anti-inflammatory; lower than Egyptian/Chinese
BOURBON NAMESAKE COMPOUND — highest of all grades; spicy-earthy-woody base modifier; definitive Bourbon authenticity marker; trace or absent in Chinese, trace in Egyptian		10-epi-γ-Eudesmol ★	Sesquiterpenol
Anti-inflammatory; antibacterial; earthy dry-down; LOWEST of four grades		2-Phenylethyl tiglate ★★	Aromatic ester
Geranyl tiglate	Ester	1–3%	Rosy-spicy modifier
Menthone	Cyclic monoterpene ketone	1–4%	Cooling; antimicrobial
Caryophyllene oxide	Sesquiterpene oxide	1–4%	Anti-inflammatory; earthy-spicy; higher in Bourbon
p-Menthone	Cyclic monoterpene ketone	1–3%	Herbal modifier
Citronellyl tiglate	Ester	1–2%	Rosy-spicy modifier

Nhóm hóa chủ đạo

Oxygenated monoterpenes — Citronellol alone 32–45% (HIGHEST single compound dominance of all grades); total monoterpenols (citronellol + geraniol + linalool) 40–62%; Esters (citronellyl formate + geranyl formate + geranyl tiglate + 2-phenylethyl tiglate + citronellyl tiglate) 10–22%

Tổng định danh

88–96%

Tỉ lệ quan trọng

Citronellol ≥32% (target ≥37% per ISO 4731) = primary Bourbon authentication; values <32% indicate non-Bourbon, diluted, or early-harvest material

Cảnh báo pha trộn

Synthetic citronellol added → IRMS (isotope ratio mass spectrometry) detection required for definitive authentication; citronellol:β-bourbonene ratio unusual = suspect

Hợp chất	Khoảng %
Citronellol	20.3–47.7%
Geraniol	7.3–30.3%
Linalool	3.1–13.8%
Citronellyl formate	4.8–12.4%
Isomenthone	4.0–8.0%
10-epi-γ-Eudesmol	2.5–5.0%
Geranyl formate	1.5–4.5%
Menthone	1.0–3.0%
Guaia-6,9-diene	1.0–3.0%
Rose oxide	0.5–2.0%

Tinh dầu phong lữ Bourbon / Reunion

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