Thận trọngNốt hương giữa[Primary: Floral-Green] [Secondary: Herbal / Citrus-Rosy]

⚠️Tinh dầu này cần thận trọng khi sử dụng. Đọc kỹ hướng dẫn an toàn.

⚠️Known allergy to citronellol, geraniol, or other EU 26 allergens present — patch test prior to use

⚠️Avoid undiluted topical application

Tổng Quan

Danh pháp khoa học: Pelargonium x asperum Ehrh. ex Willd.
Họ thực vật: Geraniaceae
Bộ phận dùng: Fresh aerial parts (leaves, stems, flower buds) — Pelargonium is harvested 2–4 times per year in Yun
Phương pháp chiết xuất: Steam distillation of fresh/partially dried aerial herbage
Màu sắc: Pale yellow to olive-yellow; slightly greener tinge than Bourbon or Egyptian grades; mobile liquid
Phân loại nốt hương: Nốt Middle
Hương thơm: Middle note; complex rose-floral with notable green-herbal, slightly minty (isomenthone) and earthy-rooty character; less purely "rosy" than Bourbon/Egyptian; more versatile as a blending middle note; lighter and less sweet than Bourbon; bright, fresh, slightly citrusy-floral opening that dries to green-woody-herbal
Chemotype / Cultivar: P. x asperum exists in multiple geographically distinct chemotypes — this entry covers the Chinese (Yunnan) chemotype specifically, which has a distinct GC/MS profile from Bourbon (Réunion), Egyptian, and Moroccan grades:

Các quốc gia sản xuất chính

China (Yunnan) ★★★★★ — world's largest geranium oil producer at 80–110 MT/year (Ultra International 2025); Réunion Island ★★★☆☆ (Bourbon — premium); Egypt ★★★★☆ (high quality commercial); Morocco ★★★☆☆; Madagascar ★★☆☆☆; India ★★★☆☆ (Himachal Pradesh)

Tình trạng tại Việt Nam

⭐⭐⭐★☆ — Imported; widely available from Chinese and Indian suppliers; one of the most affordable and accessible essential oils on the Vietnamese market; geranium oil is commonly sold in aromatherapy shops in Hanoi and HCM City; Chinese-origin grade dominates the VN affordable market; price range: 80,000–350,000 VND / 10–30ml for Chinese grade (significantly cheaper than Bourbon/Egyptian); high adulteration rate with palmarosa oil or synthetic citronellol/geraniol; Pelargonium is not commercially cultivated in Vietnam.

Phân loại nốt

Hương giữa

Độ bền trên da

3–6 hours; 8–12 hours on fabric; shorter than Bourbon grade due to lower rose oxide

Họ hương

[Primary: Floral-Green] [Secondary: Herbal / Citrus-Rosy]

Mô tả hương

Hoa hồng xanh tươi – thảo dược nhẹ – bạc hà thoảng – đất ẩm – hoa cỏ mát; ít "ngọt hoa" hơn loại Bourbon/Ai Cập nhưng tươi và dễ dùng hơn trong pha trộn

Da khô

4/5

Tốt — skin-conditioning + moisture-balancing effect; 1.5–2% trong rosehip; less ideal than for oily skin but good when combined with emollient carriers

Da dầu/mụn

5/5

Xuất sắc — citronellol + geraniol astringent + antimicrobial + sebum-regulating; 1% trong jojoba; excellent toner additive (2–3 drops per 100ml); reduces oiliness without over-drying

Viêm da cơ địa

4/5

Tốt khi remission — anti-inflammatory (linalool + geraniol) + antimicrobial + skin barrier support; 0.5–1% trong hemp seed + jojoba; TRÁNH active flare hoặc test với citronellol patch test trước

Da lão hóa

5/5

Xuất sắc — skin-tightening (astringent), antioxidant, cell-regenerative; 1.5–2% trong rosehip + argan evening serum; geraniol promotes skin repair + reduces fine lines (traditional + phytochemical support)

Da nhạy cảm

3/5

THẬN TRỌNG — citronellol + geraniol = EU 26 allergens; patch test bắt buộc; ≤0.5–1% trong sản phẩm leave-on; nhạy cảm từng trường hợp; Chinese grade less reactive than high-citronellol Bourbon for some individuals

Da hỗn hợp

5/5

Lý tưởng nhất — "balancing" nature suits combination skin perfectly; sebum regulation on T-zone + conditioning on dry areas; 1–1.5% trong jojoba

Nhập khẩu

Vùng trồng / sản xuất tại VN

Không có vùng sản xuất trong nước

Tên gọi tại Việt Nam

Tinh dầu phong lữ thảo — tên khoa học/kỹ thuật (Geraniaceae = họ Phong lữ)

Trong Y học cổ truyền VN

Geranium oil KHÔNG có gốc rễ trong YHCT Việt Nam truyền thống — đây là sản phẩm nhập khẩu hoàn toàn - Hiện đại: Sử dụng rộng rãi trong spa/massage VN (từ 2000s) — một trong các tinh dầu "core" nhất tại các spa cao cấp VN - Skincare tự nhiên VN: Geranium oil rất phổ biến trong cộng đồng DIY beauty/natural skincare VN (online communities), chủ yếu dùng cho da hỗn hợp/dầu, PMS, và pha nước hoa handmade - Trồng cảnh: Cây pelargonium (phong lữ thảo) được trồng làm cảnh ở nhiều vùng Đà Lạt và Hà Nội,

Mua hàng tại VN

Geranium oil là một trong những tinh dầu DỄ KIẾM VÀ RẺ NHẤT trên thị trường VN - Nguồn chính: Nhập từ Trung Quốc (Yunnan) qua các kênh thương mại; một số nhập Egyptian grade từ các supplier quốc tế - Giá: Chinese-origin 80,000–200,000 VND / 10ml (commodity grade); Egyptian/Bourbon 200,000–500,000 VND / 10ml (premium) - CẢNH BÁO adulteration tại VN: Tỷ lệ làm giả cao — đặc biệt geranium giá rẻ thường là palmarosa hoặc synthetic citronellol/geraniol blend; yêu cầu GC/MS; nhà cung cấp uy tín cần th

An Toàn

Giới hạn bôi da

Theo hồ sơ nghiên cứu

Hồ sơ an toàn ghi 5% — trang này lấy số chặt hơn.

Giới hạn IFRA

YES — Amphora IFRA cert: Citronellol = 25.0–43.0% (allergen disclosure); IFRA Geraniol standard Amendment 49: geraniol as individual ingredient restricted; product-level restriction dependent on citronellol + geraniol content of specific batch; no blanket product restriction comparable to jasmine/ylang at typical 2% use level

Thai kỳ & Cho con bú

Tam cá nguyệt 1Thận trọng

Tam cá nguyệt 2Thận trọng

Tam cá nguyệt 3Thận trọng

x Known allergy to citronellol, geraniol, or other EU 26 allergens present — patch test prior to use
x Avoid undiluted topical application
x Very sensitive/atopic skin — use at ≤0.5% with patch test
x Do NOT use in pregnancy at >3% concentration or abdominal massage in T1

Genuine Chinese (Yunnan): Pale yellow to olive-yellow; mobile liquid; rosy-green-herbal character; noticeably more herbal/minty than Bourbon/Egyptian; GC/MS MUST show: citronellol 18–26%, geraniol 10–20%, isomenthone 5–10%, linalool 4–10%, geranyl formate 4–7%; rose oxide <1% Adulteration risks (HIGH for Chinese grade specifically): - Palmarosa oil (Cymbopogon martinii) — most common adulterant; detectable by: geraniol >25% dominant WITHOUT corresponding citronellol (geraniol:citronellol ratio i

Bảo quản

Lọ thủy tinh màu hổ phách hoặc aluminium; <25°C; tránh ánh nắng trực tiếp; shelf life 2–3 năm kín; 12–18 tháng đã mở; geraniol và citronellol ổn định tương đối tốt; tuy nhiên isomenthone có thể oxy hóa dần làm thay đổi hương; refrigerate nếu ở vùng nhiệt đới (như VN) để kéo dài shelf life

Xem hồ sơ an toàn chi tiết

Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp

Anxiolytic / Stress-reduction

Multiple RCTs confirm geranium EO inhalation significantly reduces anxiety (VAS), stress (VAS), and depression (VAS) scores; in LSS patients, GEO inhalation reduced pain-VAS (p<0.001), anxiety-VAS (p=0.001), stress-VAS (p<0.001); mechanism via citronellol + linalool olfactory-limbic activation + serotonergic modulation; GABAergic contribution (linalool).

Ref: PMC10818376 (2023); PMC4484988 (2015 RCT); PMID 29468757

Chống trầm cảm

Geraniol (10–20%) exerts antidepressant effect via CUMS model in mice; reverses CUMS-induced IL-1β elevation; inhibits NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome; serotonergic pathway activation confirmed in P. roseum model; citronellol contributes.

Ref: PMID 26454213; PMID 29468757

Anti-inflammatory / Analgesic

Geranium EO nanoemulsion (PGEO-NE) confirms significant central and peripheral anti-nociceptive + anti-inflammatory activity in mice; citronellol + geraniol + linalool synergy mediates COX inhibition + opioid pathway involvement.

Ref: Nature Sci Rep 2025 (DOI 10.1038/s41598-025-00722-y); PMC10818376

Kháng khuẩn

Citronellol (18–26%) and geraniol (10–20%) inhibit S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, C. tropicalis; synergy between citronellol/geraniol and standard antibiotics documented; MIC values competitive.

Ref: PMC10489623 (2023); PMC3539951 (2012)

Kháng nấm

Geraniol potently inhibits dermatophytes (T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes) and Candida species; especially relevant for skin/nail/scalp fungal conditions; geraniol disrupts fungal membrane integrity.

Ref: PMC10489623; PMC10778218

Haemostatic / Astringent

Geranium EO traditionally used to stop bleeding (topical); tightening effect on skin tissues; reduces excess sebum; astringent action well-supported by traditional use + geraniol/citronellol cell-tightening mechanism.

Ref: PMC7120831 (2019 review); traditional across all cultivation regions

Fatigue reduction / Sleep quality

Geranium aromatherapy for nurses: fatigue and sleep quality improved significantly vs control (P<0.05); inhalation protocol.

Ref: PMC10281030 (2023 RCT-level)

Labour anxiety reduction

Geranium EO inhalation in first-stage labour (RCT): anxiety levels significantly reduced (P=0.001) vs control group; diastolic BP reduction (P=0.005).

Ref: PMC4484988 (2015)

Chống oxy hoá

Geraniol inhibits NF-κB; citronellol DPPH scavenging; overall PGEO antioxidant capacity consistent across multiple assays.

Ref: PMC10489623; PMC10778218

PMC10818376 (2023) — LSS Pain RCT

GEO inhalation vs placebo in lumbar spinal stenosis patients (n=62): pain-VAS ↓ (p<0.001); anxiety-VAS ↓ (p=0.001); stress-VAS ↓ (p<0.001); depression-VAS ↓ (p=0.006); sBP ↓ (p=0.002)

Grade B RCT — High

PMC4484988 (2015) — Labour anxiety RCT

Geranium EO inhalation in first-stage labour (nulliparous); anxiety VAS significantly lower vs control (P=0.001); diastolic BP reduction (P=0.005)

Grade B RCT — Moderate

PMC10281030 (2023) — Nurse fatigue

Pelargonium graveolens aromatherapy: improved fatigue + sleep quality in nurses vs control (P<0.05)

Moderate — Quasi-experimental

PMID 29468757 (2018) — P. roseum anxiolytic

P. roseum EO (closely related species): significant anxiolytic + antidepressant in mice (EPM + OFT + FST); WAY-100635 reversal confirmed serotonergic pathway

Preclinical in vivo — Moderate

PMID 26454213 (2015) — Geraniol antidepressant

Geraniol in CUMS mice model: antidepressant effect confirmed; NF-κB + NLRP3 pathway inhibition; IL-1β reduction

Preclinical in vivo — Moderate

PMC10489623 (2023) — Antimicrobial synergy

GC/MS + antimicrobial + antioxidant of PGEO; synergistic effect with antibiotics against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa confirmed

In vitro — Moderate

Nature Sci Rep 2025 (DOI 10.1038/s41598-025-00722-y)

PGEO nanoemulsion vs pure PGEO: significant central + peripheral anti-nociception + anti-inflammatory in mice; opioid pathway + citronellol/geraniol/linalool synergy identified

Preclinical in vivo — Moderate

PMC3539951 (2012)

42-compound GC/MS + antimicrobial characterisation; citronellol + geraniol dominant antimicrobials

Analytical + in vitro — Moderate

Tâm trạng: Balancing + Calming + Uplifting (geranium là tinh dầu "cân bằng" tiêu biểu nhất trong aromatherapy — không quá kích thích, không quá an thần; dịch chuyển trạng thái cảm xúc từ bất ổn về trung tâm; đặc biệt hữu ích cho biến động cảm xúc hormone-linked)

Emotional balancestabilityhormonal harmonygrounding-lightening dualityself-nurturingreleasing emotional rigidity

Chakra

Heart Chakra ★★★★★ (Anahata

Ngũ hành

Mộc (Wood)

Phương pháp	Liều lượng	Ghi chú
Diffusion (khuếch tán)	3–5 drops / 100ml	30–60 min; phòng làm việc, phòng ngủ; blend tốt nhất với lavender + bergamot; excellent ambient stress management
Topical massage (massage)	2–3% dilution	≈ 12–18 drops per 30ml carrier; toàn thân, bụng cho PMS, vai/cổ cho stress; versatile carrier pairing
Bath (tắm)	5–8 drops trong 1 tbsp cream/milk	Pre-dilute; stress-relief evening bath; PMS soothing bath; safe và dễ dùng
Inhalation (hít)	2–3 drops on tissue / personal inhaler	10–15 min; acute anxiety và stress; safe for sustained inhalation unlike intense jasmine/ylang
Skincare (chăm sóc da)	1–2% in face product	≈ 6–12 drops per 30ml; facial serum, toner, moisturiser; excellent sebum-balancing; patch test recommended
Hair care (chăm sóc tóc)	1–2% in hair oil or conditioner	≈ 6–12 drops per 30ml; scalp massage blend; antifungal + sebum regulation + fragrance
Compress	3–5 drops diluted in warm water	Topical compress for bruising, minor wounds, skin inflammation

Dầu nền phù hợp

JojobaNon-comedogenic wax ester; skin-similar; perfect base for sebum-balancing geranium formulations; extends shelf life; all skin types; hair applications

Rosehip SeedHigh linoleic acid + beta-carotene; synergistic with geranium for anti-aging + scar minimisation; mature and hyperpigmented skin

Sweet AlmondClassic massage carrier; skin-softening; emollient; natural complement to geranium's warm-floral character; body massage and bath oil

ArganRich in oleic + linoleic + vitamin E; luxury facial and hair combination with geranium; premium anti-aging positioning

Hemp SeedHigh gamma-linolenic acid (GLA); anti-inflammatory synergy with geranium for eczema and reactive skin at geranium 1% in hemp seed 50% / jojoba 50%

Kết hợp tốt với

HoaCam chanhHerbWoodOrientalChypreFougère — one of the most versatile blending middle notes in natural perfumery; "the great harmonizer"

[Primary safety] Tisserand R & Young R. Essential Oil Safety, 2nd ed. Churchill Livingstone, 2014. Geranium oil pp. 280–283; Citronellol p. 175; Geraniol p. 199; Pregnancy classification

[GC/MS Chinese origin] Jian-Qin Cu. "Geranium Oil from Yunnan, China." Perfumer & Flavorist, April 2016. Binchuan/Heqing/Yongsheng Yunnan production + GC/MS profile

[GC/MS origin comparison] ScenTree.co — Geranium oil CAS 8000-46-2; China vs Bourbon vs Egyptian GC/MS ranges

[GC/MS commercial] ijpjournal.com — "Analysis of Essential Oils in Commercial Geranium Oil by GC-MS." IJPJ 2022

[GC/MS comprehensive] PMC10778218 (2023) — In-depth chemical composition PGEO: citronellol 29.7%, geraniol 14.6%, menthol 6.7%, linalool 3.8%

[GC/MS antimicrobial] PMC10489623 (2023) — Antioxidant activity + chemical composition PGEO; citronellol 41.2%, geraniol 8%, isomenthone 4.1%

[GC/MS basic] PMC3539951 (2012) — Phytochemical composition + antimicrobial PGEO; citronellol 27.53%, geraniol 25.85%

[IFRA certificate] Amphora Aromatics IFRA Geranium Oil cert — Citronellol 25.0–43.0% (allergen declaration)

[IFRA geraniol standard] Perfumersworld IFRA 49 — Geraniol Amendment 49; Pelargonium graveolens CAS 8000-46-2 listed

[Clinical RCT pain] PMC10818376 (2023 RCT) — GEO inhalation pain + anxiety + stress in LSS patients; p<0.001

[Clinical RCT labour] PMC4484988 (2015 RCT) — Geranium EO inhalation first-stage labour anxiety; P=0.001

[Clinical RCT fatigue] PMC10281030 (2023) — P. graveolens aromatherapy fatigue + sleep quality nurses

[Anxiolytic preclinical] PMID 29468757 (2018) — P. roseum EO anxiolytic + antidepressant; serotonergic pathway

[Antidepressant preclinical] PMID 26454213 (2015) — Geraniol antidepressant CUMS model; NF-κB + NLRP3 inhibition

[Anti-nociceptive] Nature Sci Rep 2025 (DOI 10.1038/s41598-025-00722-y) — PGEO nanoemulsion anti-nociceptive + anti-inflammatory

[Review pharmacology] ScienceDirect 2025 (DOI 10.1016/j.phytol.2025.x) — P. graveolens comprehensive review

[Supply chain] Ultra International B.V. — Geranium Oil (China) 2025: Yunnan 80–110 MT/year production data

[VN context] shanspa.vn — Pelargonium graveolens geranium oil trong mỹ phẩm VN (2025)

[Adulteration] Oshadhi UK — Purity, adulteration testing; Bourbon vs China blending; palmarosa as adulterant

[Data reliability] HIGH — GC/MS chemistry HIGH (multiple peer-reviewed + Perfumer & Flavorist industry source); safety HIGH (Tisserand + IFRA + craft360); clinical evidence HIGH (multiple RCTs); VN context MODERATE (market data 2024–2026 + no traditional VN YHCT records)

Kỹ Thuật

Cấu tử	Nhóm hóa	%	Tác dụng
Citronellol ★★★ DOMINANT	Acyclic monoterpenol	18–26%	Rose-floral odorant; antimicrobial; anti-inflammatory; EU 26 allergen; lower in Chinese vs Bourbon (32–43%)
Geraniol	Acyclic monoterpenol	10–20%	Antidepressant, antifungal, analgesic, antioxidant; key odorant; EU 26 allergen; relatively higher in Chinese grade than Bourbon
Isomenthone	Cyclic monoterpene ketone	5–10%	Minty-herbal character; antimicrobial; mild neuroactive; significantly higher in Chinese vs Bourbon (4–7%) — defines Chinese chemotype's herby-minty note
Citronellyl formate	Aromatic ester	6–11%	Fresh rose-floral odorant; antispasmodic; skin soothing
Linalool	Acyclic monoterpenol	4–10%	Anxiolytic (GABAergic), sedative, anti-inflammatory; higher in Chinese grade vs Bourbon (2–4.5%)
Geranyl formate	Ester	4–7%	Floral-rosy odorant; more prominent in Chinese vs Bourbon
10-epi-γ-Eudesmol	Sesquiterpenol	2–6%	Anti-inflammatory, grounding earthy note
Guaiadiene / Guaiol	Sesquiterpene / Sesquiterpenol	1–4%	Anti-inflammatory, analgesic; earthy-woody base note character
(Z)-Rose Oxide	Cyclic ether (terpenoid oxide)	0.3–1.5%	Powerful rosy-lychee odorant at trace; much lower in Chinese grade (0.3–0.8%) vs Bourbon (1.3–3.5%) — key luxury Bourbon differentiator
Citronellyl acetate	Ester	0.5–2%	Rosy-floral modifier
Geranyl acetate	Ester	0.5–2%	Floral sweetness; lavender-like
α-Pinene	Monoterpene	0.5–2%	Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, bronchodilator

Nhóm hóa chủ đạo

Oxygenated monoterpenes — Monoterpenols (citronellol + geraniol + linalool) — 32–56%; Esters (citronellyl formate + geranyl formate + citronellyl acetate) — 10–20%

Tổng định danh

88–95%

Tỉ lệ quan trọng

Citronellol:Geraniol ratio = 1:0.5–0.9 (Chinese) vs 1:0.15–0.3 (Bourbon) — Chinese grade has relatively more geraniol vs citronellol than Bourbon; this is a useful GC/MS ratio for origin authentication Isomenthone >5% = indicator of Chinese or Chinese-like origin; Bourbon typically <4% Rose oxide <1% = Chinese origin; >1.3% = Bourbon or high-quality Egyptian Adulteration: Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii) — high geraniol (75–85%) is the most common adulterant in Chinese geranium oil; detectable by

Cảnh báo pha trộn

Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii) — high geraniol (75–85%) is the most common adulterant in Chinese geranium oil; detectable by geraniol:citronellol inversion (palmarosa lacks significant citronellol)

Hợp chất	Khoảng %
Citronellol	36.5–39.1%
Citronellyl formate	9.2–10.1%
Geraniol	8.7–8.9%
Guaia-6,9-diene	6.5–6.8%
Isomenthone	5.4–5.7%
Linalool	3.0–4.5%
10-epi-γ-Eudesmol	3.0–3.5%
Menthone	1.5–2.0%
Geranyl formate	1.0–1.5%
Rose oxide	0.5–1.0%

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