Thận trọngNốt hương đầu — giữaCitrus

⚠️Tinh dầu này cần thận trọng khi sử dụng. Đọc kỹ hướng dẫn an toàn.

Tổng Quan

Danh pháp khoa học: Cymbopogon flexuosus Nees ex Steud.
Họ thực vật: Poaceae (Gramineae)
Bộ phận dùng: Aerial parts — leaves and stems (fresh or partially dried)
Phương pháp chiết xuất: Chưng cất hơi nước
Màu sắc: Pale yellow to amber; darkens slightly with age
Phân loại nốt hương: Nốt Top/Middle
Hương thơm: Top–Middle note; intensely fresh, bright lemon-citrus, slightly herbaceous-grassy, with a light floral undertone from geraniol; cleaner and sharper than West Indian (C. citratus)
Chemotype / Cultivar: Citral chemotype (dominant); minor chemotypes with elevated myrcene or geraniol known; cultivar 'OD-19' and 'Krishna' are commercial Indian standards

Các quốc gia sản xuất chính

India (primary — KeralaTamil NaduKarnatakaUttar PradeshAssam)NepalSri LankaChina

Tình trạng tại Việt Nam

⭐⭐⭐ — Widely available as imported bulk oil; domestically produced C. flexuosus crops exist in limited scale; commonly mislabeled alongside C. citratus in Vietnamese market

Phân loại nốt

Đầu — Giữa

Độ bền trên da

30 min – 2 hours (top-heavy volatile profile); fixation improved with benzyl benzoate or resinous bases

Họ hương

Citrus

Mô tả hương

Chanh tươi sáng, thanh mát, hơi cỏ cây, nhẹ hoa, sạch sẽ

Cường độ hương

8/5

Da khô

2/5

NOT recommended as primary oil — citral can exacerbate dryness and irritation; use only at very low % with rich carrier

Da dầu/mụn

4/5

Excellent antibacterial + astringent action on excess sebum; use ≤0.7% leave-on; combine with tea tree

Da lão hóa

3/5

Antioxidant properties beneficial but irritation risk on thinning skin; use low % with nourishing carriers; combine with rosehip

Da nhạy cảm

1/5

HIGH CAUTION — citral is a known contact allergen; mandatory patch test; limit ≤0.5%; may trigger reactions in MCHI-positive individuals

Da hỗn hợp

3/5

Suitable for T-zone application only; keep away from dry zones; dilute well

Sản xuất tại VNTier 2 Premium

Vùng trồng / sản xuất tại VN

Lâm Đồng (Đà Lạt highlands — favorable climate for aromatic crops); Phú Yên; Đắk Lắk; limited cultivation in Hà Tĩnh and Nghệ An; most commercial East Indian lemongrass EO in VN market is imported from India

Tên gọi tại Việt Nam

Sả Đông ẤnSả dịuSả Ấn Độgeneral term Sả (covers multiple Cymbopogon spp.)traditional folk name cỏ sả

Trong Y học cổ truyền VN

Xông hơi (steam inhalation): Lá sả boiled in water, steam inhaled to treat cảm cúm, nghẹt mũi (nasal congestion), đau đầu — universal traditional practice across North and South Vietnam - Thuốc xoa bóp: Tinh dầu sả pha loãng dùng xoa bóp giảm đau cơ, đau khớp, côn trùng cắn - Ẩm thực dược liệu: Sả dùng trong nấu ăn (phở, lẩu, thịt nướng) với tác dụng kích thích tiêu hóa, kháng khuẩn thực phẩm - Đuổi muỗi/côn trùng: Truyền thống dùng cây sả trồng quanh nhà hoặc đốt để đuổi muỗi — đặc biệt phổ biế

Mua hàng tại VN

Imported Indian C. flexuosus EO available through aromatherapy distributors (Hà Nội, TP.HCM) at ~150,000–350,000 VND/10ml depending on origin and GC/MS certification; domestic production limited but growing; quality varies significantly — GC/MS verified product recommended; easily confused with C. citratus oil in local market

An Toàn

Giới hạn bôi da

0.7%

Theo hồ sơ an toàn (người lớn)

Giới hạn IFRA

Listed under IFRA Standards — citral restricted; always check batch certificate and calculate based on actual GC/MS citral content

Genuine: GC/MS shows total citral (geranial + neral) ≥ 65%; geranial peak larger than neral peak; β-myrcene 5–10%; trace geranyl acetate present; optical rotation (−3° to −1°); refractive index 1.483–1.489 Adulteration risks: Synthetic citral addition (cheapest adulterant — flattens GC profile); blending with C. citratus oil (lower citral, different myrcene ratio); addition of isolated limonene or terpene fractions to increase volume Storage: Dark glass bottle; cool (8–15°C); away from light and

Bảo quản

Dark glass bottle; cool (8–15°C); away from light and heat; shelf life 1–2 years (citral oxidizes to degradation products that increase sensitization risk); refrigeration recommended in VN tropical climate; discard if color darkens significantly to brown or develops rancid/metallic off-note

Xem hồ sơ an toàn chi tiết

Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp

Kháng khuẩn

Citral (geranial + neral) disrupts microbial cell membranes and inhibits biofilm formation; demonstrated efficacy against S. aureus, MRSA, E. coli, Candida albicans, C. tropicalis; MIC of lemongrass EO against planktonic C. albicans = 0.0781% v/v;

Ref: PMC7783362 (Frontiers Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 2020)

Chống viêm

Citral reduces proinflammatory cytokine release (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6); β-caryophyllene acts as selective CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonist;

Ref: PMC8773226 (Foods 2022); DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2020.603858

Chống oxy hoá

High DPPH radical scavenging capacity; IC₅₀ = 43.67 μg/mL in Uttarakhand GC/MS study; polyphenolic content synergizes with citral;

Ref: JANS 2020 (Chowdhury et al.)

Insect repellent

Citral + citronellal + geraniol combination; effective topical repellent against Aedes aegypti and houseflies;

Ref: PMC8773226

Analgesic / antinociceptive

Myrcene component reduces pain perception via opioid pathway modulation; topical application reported to reduce RA pain scores;

Ref: PMC10892616 (scoping review 2024)

Kháng nấm

Disrupts ergosterol synthesis in fungal cell membranes; effective against dermatophytes and Candida spp.;

Ref: PMC7783362

PMC7783362 (2020)

LGEO + citral inhibit dual-species S. aureus / Candida biofilms; MIC 0.039–0.0781%

Moderate — in vitro

PMC10892616 (2024)

Scoping review: analgesic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory applications supported across multiple clinical and preclinical studies

Moderate — Scoping Review

PMC8773226 (2022)

Comprehensive review confirms antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory; highlights citral as primary bioactive

Moderate — Systematic Review

PMID:19423120 (Ohno et al. 2009)

Lemongrass EO aromatherapy reduced anxiety and cortisol in pilot RCT

Low — pilot RCT

Tâm trạng: Uplifting + Clarifying + mildly Energizing; reduces mental fatigue and nervous tension

Mental clarityemotional cleansingself-confidencealertnessstress release

Chakra

Solar Plexus (Manipura) ☀️

Ngũ hành

Mộc (Wood)

Phương pháp	Liều lượng	Ghi chú
Diffusion (khuếch tán)	3–5 drops per 100ml water	Max 30–60 min sessions; blends well with lavender or eucalyptus; strong — use less in small rooms
Topical massage (massage)	0.5–1% dilution	Must dilute — neat application causes sensitization; use in jojoba or sweet almond; max 1% per IFRA/Tisserand citral limit
Bath (tắm)	3–5 drops dispersed in 1 tsp liquid castile soap or milk first	NEVER add undiluted — citral irritates mucous membranes; short soak 10–15 min
Inhalation (hít)	1–2 drops on tissue / personal inhaler	5–10 min intervals; helpful for mental clarity and respiratory congestion
Skincare (chăm sóc da)	≤0.7% in leave-on / ≤5% in rinse-off	Due to citral sensitization risk; patch test mandatory; non-comedogenic; excellent for oily/acne skin at safe dilutions
Insect repellent spray	1–2% in isopropyl alcohol + distilled water	Effective but reapply every 1–2 hours; add cedarwood or citronella for duration

Dầu nền phù hợp

Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis)Non-greasy, stable, non-comedogenic; ideal for oily/acne skin formulations; excellent skin penetration enhancer for citral

Sweet Almond (Prunus amygdalus dulcis)Light texture, skin-softening; good dilution medium for massage; widely available in Vietnam

Hemp Seed (Cannabis sativa)High linoleic acid; ideal for anti-inflammatory skin blends; enhances beta-caryophyllene's anti-inflammatory synergy

Fractionated CoconutOdorless, very stable, widely available (VN: dầu dừa phân đoạn); good general-purpose carrier

Kết hợp tốt với

Cam chanhHerbHoaWood (light)Spice (light)

Blend kinh điển

Lavender + Lemongrass— Calming + cleansing; widely used diffuser blend for stress relief

Eucalyptus Globulus + Lemongrass— Powerful antibacterial room spray; respiratory clarity

Cedarwood Atlas + Lemongrass— Grounds the top note; excellent insect-repellent blend

Geranium Bourbon + Lemongrass— Floral-citrus skin toner; sebum-balancing for oily skin

Frankincense + Lemongrass— Meditative; bridges resinous base with bright citrus top

[Primary safety — dermal limit] Tisserand R & Young R. Essential Oil Safety, 2nd ed. Churchill Livingstone, 2014. Citral dermal max 0.6–0.7% (pp. 194, 282)

[GC/MS Chemistry #1] Chowdhury JA et al. "Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of EO of C. flexuosus." J. Appl. Nat. Sci. 12(1), 2020. DOI:10.31018/jans.v12i1.2207

[GC/MS Chemistry #2] Wild population Bangalore: Botanyjournals.com 2021, Vol.6(2):5-5-125-890 — 40+ compounds identified

[GC/MS Chemistry #3] Karnataka study: citral 64.98%, rjpn.org/ijcspub/papers/IJCSP10A1499.pdf

[Antimicrobial — Biofilm] Koo S et al. "Antimicrobial Activity of Lemongrass EO (C. flexuosus) and Citral Against Dual-Species Biofilms." Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 2020. DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2020.603858 — PMC7783362

[Comprehensive review] Sharma PR et al. "Lemongrass EO Components with Antimicrobial and Antifungal Properties." Foods 2022. PMC8773226

[Clinical scoping review] Varghese SM et al. "Exploring Clinical Applications of LGEO: A Scoping Review." PMC10892616, 2024

[Food safety / animal safety] EFSA FEEDAP Panel on C. flexuosus EO safety. EFSA Journal 2023. PMC10369294

[VN traditional use] oking.vn — Cymbopogon taxonomy and VN names; charmevietnam.com — C. flexuosus VN cultivation notes

[VN agricultural study] Tạp chí Nông nghiệp VNUA: Đánh giá sinh trưởng Cymbopogon spp. tại Việt Nam. tapchi.vnua.edu.vn 2023

[IFRA citral restriction] IFRA Standards 49th Amendment — Citral restricted in leave-on cosmetics Category 4: 0.71%

[Data reliability] HIGH — Multiple peer-reviewed GC/MS studies; Tisserand & Young primary safety source; EFSA regulatory review; consistent chemistry across geographic origins

Kỹ Thuật

Cấu tử	Nhóm hóa	%	Tác dụng
Geranial (Citral-a) ★★★ DOMINANT	Monoterpenal	35–45%	Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant
Neral (Citral-b) ★★★ CO-DOMINANT	Monoterpenal	25–35%	Antimicrobial, spasmolytic, antifungal
Geraniol	Monoterpenol	1–5%	Antifungal, insect repellent, mild sedative
β-Myrcene	Monoterpene hydrocarbon	5–12%	Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, synergist
Linalool	Monoterpenol	1–3%	Anxiolytic, sedative, skin-soothing
Geranyl acetate	Ester	1–3%	Antifungal, fixative, floral modifier
β-Caryophyllene	Sesquiterpene	0.5–2%	Anti-inflammatory (CB2 agonist)
Limonene	Monoterpene	0.5–2%	Antioxidant, mood uplifting
Citronellal	Monoterpenal	0.2–1%	Insect repellent, spasmolytic
Citronellol	Monoterpenol	0.1–0.5%	Antifungal, mild floral
Nerol acetate	Ester	0.5–1%	Skin conditioning

Nhóm hóa chủ đạo

Monoterpenals (Citral = Geranial + Neral combined: 60–80% of total oil)

Tổng định danh

~93–98% of oil composition across multiple GC/MS studies

Tỉ lệ quan trọng

Geranial:Neral ratio ≈ 55:45 to 60:40 — this ratio is the primary authentication marker for C. flexuosus vs. C. citratus (East Indian tends to have slightly higher geranial proportion) High citral content (>65%) = superior commercial grade; adulteration risk with synthetic citral or blending with lemongrass terpenes (myrcene fraction) is common β-Myrcene content distinguishes C. flexuosus (higher, 5–12%) from C. citratus (lower); useful for species differentiation by GC

Hợp chất	Khoảng %
Geranial	45.1–54.5%
Neral	30.1–36.1%
Geranyl acetate	0.1–4.0%
Geraniol	0.2–3.8%
(+)-Limonene	0.1–3.8%
Caryophyllene oxide	0–1.6%
6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one	0.3–1.4%
Linalool	0.4–1.3%

Tinh dầu sả chanh Đông Ấn

Mùi này đến từ đâu

Chân dung Hương

Mang tinh chất này vào sáng tạo của bạn

Tổng Quan

An Toàn

Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp

Kỹ Thuật

Tóm Tắt Khoa Học

Khám phá tiếp

Dữ Liệu Kỹ Thuật Y Khoa

Thông Số Định Lượng