Tinh dầu quế Trung Quốc

Bark oil (Lawrence 1979/1995g/2001f)

Leaf oil

Chemistry insight:

• Cinnamaldehyde driver (E + Z combined up to 100%): binding constraint. Max dermal = IFRA cinnamaldehyde 0.05% ÷ 1.0 = 0.05%. Strictest of any oil in Batch 7.
• Coumarin tr–1.9% bark / 0.03–2.5% leaf — distinctive marker cho cassia vs C. verum (verum bark coumarin ~0.04%). Coumarin ~50× concentrated trong cassia — giải thích chronic-oral hepatotoxicity concern cho cassia powder supplements vs ceylon cinnamon.
• Methyleugenol tr–0.1% leaf only — T&Y: "Any restriction for the very small content of methyleugenol in cassia leaf oil is irrelevant in light of the 0.05% maximum use level to avoid skin sensitization" — cinnamaldehyde cap binds far stricter.
• (E)- + (Z)-cinnamaldehyde combined = up to ~100% (bark 85.5%; leaf 100.6%). T&Y safety math dùng 100% combined → cap = 0.05% oil chính xác.

• TCM materia medica (oil = derivative của rou gui 肉桂 bark): warming Kidney Yang, warming Spleen-Stomach, dispelling cold pain, promoting blood circulation, supporting menstrual regulation (IMPORTANT: T&Y absolute pregnancy CI applies cho OIL, nhưng whole TCM herb ở TCM decoction doses dùng trong formula đặc thù — KHÔNG nhầm).
• Food flavor: Dominant commodity cinnamon flavor (kẹo cao su, baked goods, cinnamon candy, beverage) — GRAS status nhưng coumarin accumulation từ daily high-dose powder gây debate (Germany BfR có advisories).
• Topical aromatherapy: Effectively không practical — 0.05% cap.
• Oral aromatherapy: 50–200 mg/day (Commission E); never pregnancy/breastfeeding.

• Five-element: Hỏa (Fire — very strong warming) + Thủy (Water — deep Kidney Yang).
• TCM: ròu guì (肉桂) là cassia species; THE warming-Yang bark trong Chinese materia medica. Mojay: "the ember in the furnace — deep-burning, penetrating warmth".
• Contrast với C. verum: TCM truyền thống dùng cassia cho medicinal tonification; C. verum là culinary/perfumery trong Asian materia medica.

• Tisserand & Young (2014) Essential Oil Safety 2nd ed — Ch.13 p.507–509 (Cassia)
• Lawrence (1979) p.13, (1995g) p.163 + p.201, (2001f) p.48–52 — volatile profile bark + leaf [via B216]
• Opdyke (1975) p.109–110 — sensitization + phototoxicity + LD₅₀ + toothpick-dipping occupational case [via B216]
• Rudzki et al. (1976); Rudzki & Grzywa (1985) — sensitization corpus [via B216]
• Guin et al. (1984); Allenby et al. (1984) — cinnamaldehyde sensitization + eugenol quenching [via B216]
• Huang J et al. (2007a) — cinnamaldehyde platelet inhibition [via B216]
• Babu et al. (2007) — hypoglycemia streptozotocin-diabetic rats [via B216]
• Domaracky et al. (2007) — cinnamon bark oil pregnant mice (extrapolate cassia) [via B216]
• Choi et al. (2001) — hepatotoxicity + cytotoxicity + glutathione [via B216]
• Burfield (2003); Arctander (1960) — adulteration + distillation practice [via B216]
• Commission E (Blumenthal 1998); Council of Europe (1992) ADI; IFRA (2009); SCCNFP (2001a) — regulatory [via B216]