Thận trọngNốt hương đầu — giữaConiferous-fresh-piney

⚠️Tinh dầu này cần thận trọng khi sử dụng. Đọc kỹ hướng dẫn an toàn.

Tổng Quan

Danh pháp khoa học: Pteronia incana DC
Họ thực vật: Asteraceae (Compositae)
Bộ phận dùng: Aerial parts (above-ground stems + leaves + flowering tops)
Phương pháp chiết xuất: Chưng cất hơi nước
Phân loại nốt hương: Nốt Top/Middle

Các quốc gia sản xuất chính

South Africa

Tình trạng tại Việt Nam

Xem chi tiết

Phân loại nốt

Đầu — Giữa

Độ bền trên da

2–4 giờ

Họ hương

Coniferous-fresh-piney

Mô tả hương

Thông, tươi-coniferous, hơi long-não, balsamic phía dưới, sạch-resinous, hơi cay-thơm từ methyleugenol, đặc trưng cây cỏ veld Nam Phi

Cường độ hương

4/5

Da khô

2/5

Da dầu/mụn

3/5

Da lão hóa

2/5

Da thường

3/5

Da nhạy cảm

1/5

Da hỗn hợp

3/5

Nhập khẩu

Tên gọi tại Việt Nam

Tinh dầu pteronia — bụi lá lam Nam Phi

An Toàn

Giới hạn bôi da

0.3%

Theo hồ sơ an toàn (người lớn)

Bảo quản

Bảo quản nơi tối, mát

Xem hồ sơ an toàn chi tiết

Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp

Kháng khuẩn

β-Pinene (32.5%) and terpinen-4-ol (5.3%) provide monoterpene-class membrane disruption against Gram-positive bacteria; α-Pinene (18.6%) adds synergistic vapour-phase antimicrobial activity.

Ref: class-extrapolation from β-Pinene and α-Pinene profiles; Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.14 α-Pinene profile; Bruns & Meiertoberens 1987 (chemistry source, cited B216 Ch.13 p.779)

Chống viêm

Sesquiterpene secondary fraction including α-caryophyllene modulates COX-pathway activity; β-Pinene contributes prostaglandin-inhibition via monoterpene-class mechanism shared with conifer-needle EOs.

Ref: B216 α-Caryophyllene profile Ch.14 (anticarcinogenic/anti-inflammatory class signal); class-extrapolation from β-Pinene anti-inflammatory literature; Tisserand & Young 2014

anticarcinogenic (research signal only)

(+)-Limonene (7.0%) and α-caryophyllene show in-vitro anticarcinogenic activity via GST induction and apoptosis modulation; B216 EXPLICITLY frames these as research-context observations, NOT therapeutic claims.

Ref: B216 (+)-Limonene profile Ch.14; B216 α-Caryophyllene profile Ch.14 — Tisserand & Young 2014 EXPLICIT: research context only, NOT therapeutic claim

expectorant / respiratory support

1,8-Cineole (9.0%) combined with β-Pinene (32.5%) and α-Pinene (18.6%) supports mucociliary clearance; cineole level is below the pediatric nasal-application concern threshold of 30%.

Ref: class-extrapolation from 1,8-cineole-class EOs and Pinaceae monoterpene respiratory class; Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.779

insect repellent

High monoterpene volatile load (β-Pinene 32.5%, α-Pinene 18.6%, p-cymene 11.3%, β-myrcene 10.3%) creates an olfactory deterrent profile consistent with traditional Karoo aromatic-shrub insect-repellent use.

Ref: South-African-Karoo ethnobotanical context; Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.779

mood-lifting / stimulant

Pinene-dominant monoterpene volatile profile (combined >50%) and fresh-aromatic Asteraceae shrub character produce alerting olfactory cues associated with regional aromatic bush inhalation practices.

Ref: class-extrapolation from monoterpene-rich Asteraceae aromatic EO class; South-African-Karoo ethnobotanical context; Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.779

AI-summary

Traditional aromatherapy use; no RCT-grade clinical evidence located for Pteronia incana as a whole oil. The primary reference (Bruns & Meiertoberens 1987) establishes constituent chemistry only. B216 (Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.779) assigns a triple-data-gap profile: no skin-sensitization studies, no acute toxicity data, no human clinical evidence found. Constituent-class signals exist: (+)-limonene and α-caryophyllene show in-vitro anticarcinogenic activity per B216 Ch.14, but Tisserand & Young explicitly frame these as research-context observations, not therapeutic claims. South African Karoo regional folk-aromatherapy tradition forms the primary practical-use heritage, without formal clinical documentation.

Narrative

Tâm trạng: Kích thích, Đặt vững

minh mẫnkiên cườngalertnesstập trungausteritywildness

Chakra

Luân xa Gốc

Ngũ hành

Kim

Phương pháp	Liều lượng	Ghi chú
Diffusion	2-3 drops in 100 ml water	Preferred primary route (20-30 min sessions, max 60 min). Use only fresh non-oxidized oil — B216 EXPLICIT polymerization-class instability; discard if thickened or off-scent.
Topical massage	≤0.3% in carrier oil (T&Y adult maximum)	T&Y 0.3% HARD CAP via methyleugenol 7.2% × Ch.14 0.02%. EU ≤0.003% (SCCNFP 2002); IFRA ≤0.006%. CONTRA-ORAL. Use antioxidant-stabilised refrigerated batch; avoid sensitive/damaged skin.
Inhalation (direct)	1-2 drops on tissue	Brief 2-5 min sessions. Verify freshness before use — α-pinene autoxidation class becomes a sensitizer if oxidised. Discard any off-scent or thickened batch immediately.
Aromatherapy compress	1-2 drops dispersed in 250 ml warm water via emulsifier	Short contact time (5-10 min). Respect methyleugenol cap at all dilutions. Not for facial use. Localised application only.

Dầu nền phù hợp

Jojoba waxOxidation-resistant liquid wax ideal for restricted-cap EOs (0.003-0.3% range); no fatty-acid autoxidation extends blended shelf life for a polymerization-prone EO.

Fractionated coconut oilChemically stable, odorless, non-greasy; supports accurate ultra-low dilution (EU/IFRA 0.003-0.006% compliant) without competing scent profile.

Sweet almond oilMild general-purpose carrier with moderate shelf life; appropriate for T&Y 0.3%-compliant aromatic massage blends on normal or combination skin.

Kết hợp tốt với

GỗNhựa câyLong nãoXanh tươiCay

Blend kinh điển

Atlas Cedarwood— Sesquiterpene-rich cedarwood depth anchors pteronia's sharp monoterpene freshness into a dry-woody accord evoking a sun-bleached Cape hillside.

Frankincense (Boswellia carterii)— Shared piney-resinous chemistry bridges seamlessly; frankincense's meditative warmth tempers pteronia's austere dryness.

Rosemary (Verbenone CT)— Both are α/β-pinene-rich aromatic shrubs; pairing amplifies mental clarity without crowding the herbaceous-clean register.

Lavender (True)— Linalyl-acetate softness rounds pteronia's sharper p-cymene and piney edges into a balanced open-air floral-herbal accord.

[B216] primary safety profile

[Bruns & Meiertoberens 1987] chemistry source (South African plant material samples)

[IFRA 2009] methyleugenol leave-on cosmetics restriction 0.0004%

[European Commission 2002] methyleugenol finished-product cap 0.0002%

[B216 Ch.14] anticarcinogenic class-counter-rail source

[B216 Ch.14 α-pinene +] skin sensitization class-rail source

[South African ethnobotany] Khoisan traditional plant-medicine context (cultural-context, not B216-cited directly)

Kỹ Thuật

Tổng định danh

~90–98%

Hợp chất

Nhóm

β-Pinene

32.5%

Bicyclic monoterpene-hydrocarbon (MAJOR-DOM)

α-Pinene

18.6%

Bicyclic monoterpene-hydrocarbon (latent-OX co-driver)

p-Cymene

11.3%

Aromatic monoterpene-hydrocarbon

β-Myrcene

10.3%

Acyclic monoterpene-hydrocarbon

1,8-Cineole

9.0%

Bicyclic monoterpene-ether

Sabinene

7.4%

Bicyclic monoterpene-hydrocarbon

Methyleugenol

7.2%

Phenylpropene-methylenedioxy (TOXICOPHORE — CAP DRIVER)

(+)-Limonene

7.0%

Acyclic monoterpene-hydrocarbon (latent-OX)

Terpinen-4-ol

5.3%

Monoterpene-alcohol

β-Caryophyllene

3.2%

Sesquiterpene-hydrocarbon

1(10)-Aromadendrene

3.1%

Sesquiterpene-hydrocarbon

δ-Cadinene

2.3%

Sesquiterpene-hydrocarbon

ar-Curcumene

2.1%

Sesquiterpene-hydrocarbon

epi-Globulol + Isospathulenol

1.4–1.5% mỗi

Sesquiterpene-alcohol

(E)-Pinocarveol + α-Terpineol

1.3% mỗi

Bicyclic monoterpene-alcohol

Bicyclogermacrene + α-Caryophyllene + α-Muurolene

1.1–1.2% mỗi

Sesquiterpene

Tinh dầu pteronia — bụi lá lam Nam Phi

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